Affordability constraints continue to limit the number of buyers willing and able to make home purchases, even as listings of for-sale homes rise, according to the June 2024 commentary from the Fannie Mae (OTCQB: FNMA) Economic and Strategic Research (ESR) Group. As such, the ESR Group downgraded its total home sales forecast to 4.82 million in 2024, representing a modest 1.3 percent annual gain compared to the previously projected 2.8 percent. Home sales have remained weaker than expected despite the recent rise in listings, which may indicate that many homeowners are no longer willing to delay moving due to the so-called "lock-in effect" – perhaps in part due to a general upward recalibration in mortgage rate expectations by consumers following the historically low mortgage rates of the pandemic. While the number of homes available for sale remains tight by historical standards, the months' supply of inventory is gradually increasing, a dynamic the ESR Group sees as consistent with a deceleration in home price growth.

The ESR Group also downgraded its 2024 real gross domestic product (GDP) growth outlook to 1.6 percent on a Q4/Q4 basis due to downward revisions to Q1 2024 GDP data, as well as recent data showing slowing income and spending growth. While recent inflation prints have been encouraging, the ESR Group expects the Federal Reserve will likely need to see several consecutive cool reports to gain confidence that inflation is returning sustainably to its 2-percent target. Given ongoing resilience in nonfarm payroll growth and volatility in inflation readings, the ESR Group now believes the Fed will cut rates only once this year, in December, as opposed to the previously projected two rate cuts.

"The economy appears to be slowing, and recent readings offer hope that inflation is cooling after progress on that front stalled in the first quarter – a trend that will likely need to be sustained for the Fed to feel comfortable cutting rates," said Doug Duncan, Fannie Mae Senior Vice President and Chief Economist. "Additionally, the labor market is showing signs of a gradual slowdown, with the unemployment rate creeping up to 4 percent in the June report. Unfortunately, we're still not forecasting a ramp-up in housing activity, which will require some combination of continued household income growth, a further slowing of home price appreciation, or a decline in mortgage rates to bring affordability within range of many waiting first-time and move-up homebuyers."

Visit the Economic & Strategic Research site at fanniemae.com to read the full June 2024 Economic Outlook, including the Economic Developments Commentary, Economic Forecast, Housing Forecast, and Multifamily Market Commentary. To receive e-mail updates with other housing market research from Fannie Mae's Economic & Strategic Research Group, please click here.

Opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts, beliefs, and other views of Fannie Mae's Economic & Strategic Research (ESR) Group or survey respondents included in these materials should not be construed as indicating Fannie Mae's business prospects or expected results, are based on a number of assumptions, and are subject to change without notice. How this information affects Fannie Mae will depend on many factors. Although the ESR Group bases its opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts, beliefs, and other views on information it considers reliable, it does not guarantee that the information provided in these materials is accurate, current, or suitable for any particular purpose. Changes in the assumptions or the information underlying these views could produce materially different results. The analyses, opinions, estimates, forecasts, beliefs, and other views published by the ESR Group represent the views of that group or survey respondents as of the date indicated and do not necessarily represent the views of Fannie Mae or its management.